GROUNDWORK
Chapter 5 - Repetition

Name: ________________________________     Date: ______________

Fill in every blank. Where a term is asked for, write the word the course
uses. Where code is asked for, write exact Java. Where output is asked
for, write what the program prints, one line per line.


VOCABULARY
----------

 1. A loop that repeats as long as its condition stays true is called a
    __________________ loop.

 2. A loop whose condition never becomes false, so it repeats forever, is
    called an __________________ loop.

 3. The pattern of setting up a variable before a loop and updating it on
    every pass (to build a sum, a count, or a string) is called the
    __________________ pattern.

 4. A boolean variable used to record how a loop ended, such as whether
    the player won or ran out of tries, is called a __________________.


READING CODE
------------

 5. What does this print?

        int count = 1;

        while (count <= 5) {
            IO.println("Count is " + count);
            count += 1;
        }

        IO.println("Done.");

    ____________________________________

 6. What does this print?

        for (int i = 2; i < 6; i++) {
            IO.println(i);
        }

    ____________________________________

 7. What does this print?

        for (int row = 1; row <= 2; row++) {
            for (int col = 1; col <= 2; col++) {
                IO.println(row + " x " + col + " = " + (row * col));
            }
        }

    ____________________________________

 8. What does this print?

        for (int number = 1; number <= 10; number++) {
            if (number % 3 != 0) {
                continue;
            }
            IO.println(number);
        }

    ____________________________________

 9. What does this print?

        int total = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            if (i == 3) {
                continue;
            }
            total += i;
        }
        IO.println(total);

    ____________________________________


WRITING CODE
------------

10. Complete the condition so the loop keeps asking until a whole number
    has been read:
    boolean answered = false;
    while (__________________) {
        String answer = IO.readln("Enter a number: ");
        if (answer == null) {
            break;
        }
        try {
            int number = Integer.parseInt(answer.strip());
            IO.println("Thank you. You entered " + number + ".");
            answered = true;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            IO.println("That is not a whole number.");
        }
    }

11. Complete the header so the loop counts down from 5 to 1:
    for (int i = 5; i > 0; i__________________) {
        IO.println(i);
    }

12. Complete the line that moves count toward the end of the loop:
    int count = 1;
    while (count <= 5) {
        IO.println("Count is " + count);
        count __________________ 1;
    }

13. Complete the menu loop so that typing quit ends it:
    while (true) {
        String command = IO.readln("Enter a command (or 'quit'): ");
        if (command == null || command.equals("quit")) {
            __________________;
        }
        IO.println("You said: " + command);
    }


WHY IT WORKS
------------

14. A while loop needs a variable set up before the loop, a condition
    that can become false, and something inside the loop that moves
    toward that. Deleting count += 1; means count never changes, so
    count <= 5 stays __________________ forever and the loop never ends.

15. for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) runs exactly __________________ times,
    which is why i < 5 gives i the values 0 through 4 rather than 0
    through 5.

16. Starting largest at 0 before the loop gives the wrong answer when
    every number entered is __________________, because none of them would
    ever be greater than 0.